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Enrichments in Sr, Ba, and Pb relative to the light rare-earth elements in island-arc basalts have been taken as evidence for the involvement of subducted, upper-crust-derived sediments, or altered oceanic crust, or sea-water, in the upper-mantle source regions of primary island-arc magmas. However, the Sr enrichments are unlikely to have been caused by addition of these 87Sr-rich materials, because there is no positive correlation between the magnitude of the Sr anomalies and 87Sr/86Sr values in most island-arc rock suites. On the contrary, these parameters in some arcs are negatively correlated. Furthermore, Sr, Ba, and Pb anomalies are found in non-island-arc rocks, such as those from continental-flood lava sequences and other areas where subduction is unlikely to have taken place; and Sr and Nd isotopic data for both non-arc and island-arc rocks plot in similar parts of eNd-versus-eSr diagrams. These relationships, as well as the absence of marked Th and U enrichments in island-arc basalts, are generally consistent with primitive island-arc magmas having been contaminated by 87Rb-poor (low 87Sr/86Sr) lower crust. Contamination by crust in the island-arcs themselves may be a more important process than addition of subducted material to the mantle wedge above downgoing slabs.

Island-arc magma sources: A geochemical assessment of the roles of slab-derived components and crustal contamination.