English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Atmospheric aerosol samples were collected from 1993 to 2003 at Tsuruoka, Japan, a coastal area on the Sea of Japan. Concentration of water-soluble chemical components and sulfur isotopic ratios of sulfate in aerosol samples were measured to evaluate the temporal variation and identify the source. The samSO4 2‐ and nssSO4 2‐ concentrations range from 7.6 to 354.4 and 3.7 to 335.6 neq m ‐3 , respectively, and there was no clear seasonal variation. Sulfur isotope ratios of total sulfate (samδ 34 S) and non-sea salt sulfate (nssδ 34 S) in aerosols are +1.0 to +15.1 with a mean value of +5.7‰ and ‐4.4 to +14.5 with a mean value of +4.1‰, respectively. The values of samδ 34 S and nssδ 34 S are relatively low in summer and high in the other three seasons. The nssδ 34 S values of aerosols in fall to spring agree with the average sulfur isotope ratios of coal used in northern China, considering the isotope fractionation. These results indicate the possibility of long-range transport of sulfate from the Asian continent to Japan. The variations of atmospheric samSO4 2‐ and nssSO4 2‐ concentrations decreased gradually and reach a minimum in 1999. The decline of SO2 emission in China due to reduction in industrial coal use, a slowdown of the Chinese economy, and the closure of small and inefficient plants would be among the causes of this decreasing observed trend. On the other hands, the variation ranges of samδ 34 S and nssδ 34 S values abruptly changed after 2000. The introduction of fuel-gas desulfurization technologies to industrial plants of coke production and thermal power stations would be one of the most important causes of this change.

Ten-year observation of sulfur isotopic composition of sulfate in aerosols collected at Tsuruoka, a coastal area on the Sea of Japan in northern Japan