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Vitiligo is the most common depigmentary disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 0.5% worldwide (1). Vitiligo is a progressive disease characterized by the destruction of melanocytes in the epidermis, in which auto-immune processes are possibly involved, resulting in depigmented macular skin lesions (2). These melanocytes protect the skin cells against the carcinogenic effects of sunlight and chemicals (3). A genome-wide association study of individuals with vitiligo found significant associations between vitiligo and several genes that regulate immunity (4, 5). Vitiligo has also been associated with a polymorphism in the TYR gene, which encodes tyrosinase, the main enzyme involved in melanin synthesis. Discrete allelic linkages seem to correlate with different immune recognition of tyrosinase in vitiligo and melanoma, suggesting that strong anti-tyrosinase expression protects patients with vitiligo against melanoma (4–6). On the other hand, due to the loss of melanocytes and, therefore, of melanin (7), it can be reasoned that patients with vitiligo have an increased risk of developing melanoma. The development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in patients with vitiligo is still debated (8). A literature search was performed to obtain all the available evidence regarding the occurrence of melanoma and NMSC in patients with vitiligo.

Prediction of the Occurrence of Melanoma and Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Patients with Vitiligo