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South Asians, representing one-fifth of the world’s population, have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than Caucasians (1). Moreover, CVD is more aggressive in this population (1). Traditional risk factors per se do not explain these between-ethnic group differences (1,2). Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes are also highly prevalent in South Asians (3). Because the mortality risk of CVD associated with type 2 diabetes is higher in South Asians than in Caucasians (2,4), the excess CVD risk in South Asians might be due to inherent ethnicity-associated structural cardiac features and/or a higher cardiac susceptibility to metabolic disorders. Because it is unknown whether differences already exist in cardiac dimensions and function at a young age between these ethnicities, we studied these features in young South Asians and Caucasians and subjected both groups to a short-term high-fat, high-caloric (HFHC) diet to study cardiac response to metabolic stress.Cardiac dimensions, cardiovascular function, and fat distribution were assessed with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance spectroscopy scanner in young, healthy male South Asians and Caucasians ( n = 12 for each ethnicity; mean age 22.1 ± 0.4 years; BMI 20.9 ± 0.4 vs. 22.2 ± 0.6 kg/m2, respectively; P = 0.11) …

Functional and Metabolic Imaging of the Cardiovascular System in Young Healthy South Asians and Caucasians Unveils Early Differences