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An investigation on the efficiency of the irrigational biodegradation canal method treatment of palm oil mill sludge indicated that there was practically no significant change in its B. O. D. value. Its adverse toxicity effects on aquatic organisms such as Cyprinus carpio, Liza subviridis VALENCIENNES, and Anadara granosa from the various established stations also demonstrated the seriousness of the problem. Microbial gas production studies and total microbial counts of the samples indicated their activity and bacterial counts to be highest at sations nearest to the factory, excluding that within the premises of the factory proper. Productivity studies of the vegetation in the land adjacent to the biodegradation canal indicated higher productivity at points nearer to the canal itself while productivity decreased progressively towards points farthest from it. This phenomenon is attributed to the large deposition of minerals from sludge into the soil, the lowering in soil pH walues, and possibly osmotic capillary processes, resulting in the inhibition of the growth of each organism. Based on these results, it is evident that the problem of organic pollutants from sludge discharged from palm oil mills is yet to be tackled and that an alternative treatment method of this agro-waste should be considered to protect the Malaysian aquatic environment from depletion of its protein resources in the very near future.

Efficiency of canal biodegradation of palm oil sludge and its pollution effects.