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Abstract: Occulusional movements of the pharyngeal bones of two cyprinid fishes, Acheilognathus tabira and Gnathopogon coeulescens were compared on the bass of the shapes of the pharyngeal dentitions, pharyngeal and masticatory processes of the basioccipital bones and several muscles inserted in the pharyngeal bones. In A. tabira, the tooth rows consisted of teeth with narrow and long occulusional surfaces, and both sides fromed a chewing area that was adaptable to the back and forth movements. The lavator arcus branchialis V muscle (LAB V) was well-developed and the occulusional line is horizontal. Therefore, the chewing force was produced by only LAB V, and the retractor os pharyngeus inferioris muscle (ROPI) cannot play the role of chewing. Because ROPI contracts along the oesophageal spincter that is well-developed, it cannot adduct the pharyngeal bones. Therofore, ROPI merely retracted the pharyngeal bones. The pharyngeal bones were lavated strongly by LAB V and moved back and forth with the retraction of ROPI and protraction of the subarcualis rectus communis muscle (SRC) in A. tabira. On the other hand, in G. coerulescens, the transversus ventralis V muscle (TV V) was welldeveloped. The pharyngeal bones move transversally with the adduction of TV V and ROPI and the abduction of the cleithropharyngeus superficialis muscle (CPS). Beceuse the occulusional ine descends backward, the chewing force results from the contractions of LAB V and ROPI. Thus, ROPI has several functions, the retraction, chewing and adduction of the pharyngeal bones, in G. coencle-scens . The pharyngeal bones move back and forth during weak chewing and transversally during strong chewing. Arrangement of the rows of spinal tubercles on the occulusional surface is adaptable to the movements of the pharyngeal bones.

A comparative study of the pharyngeal dentitions and the occlusional movements in cyprinid fishes