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Rubber materials are used across a wide range of manufacturing industry, not least the automotive sector. Rubber materials in general are composites of natural or synthetic rubber and fillers, etc, and their physical properties depend not only on the volume fraction of filler but also its state of dispersion. An example is the effect that the carbon black (CB) and silica used as fillers in automotive tyre rubber have on tyre properties [1, 2]. Among the various properties of tyre rubber, a reduced rolling resistance is associated with improved vehicle fuel consumption and is hence identified as a key property for fuel economy tyres. In general, low rolling resistance is intimately related with the hysteresis loss of the tyre tread component that makes contact with the road surface. The greater part of this hysteresis loss is thought to be determined by the state of dispersion of the filler in the compound. “End-functionalised SBR”, that is, solution-polymerised styrene-butadiene rubber (S-SBR) in which functional groups have been introduced at the polymer chainend exploiting the characteristics of living anionic polymerisation, has been developed with the specific aim of improving filler dispersibility. In fact, reports [3-6] on end-functionalised SBR aimed at improving CB dispersion appeared in the 1980s to 1990s. Furthermore, reports [7, 8] on S-SBR end-functionalised with alkoxysilyl groups, groups that have a high affinity with silica, have been appearing since 1990, when silica was first used in passenger vehicle tyres. More recently, we have described end-functionalised SBR terminated with two different functional groups, a primary amino group and an alkoxysilyl group, introduced at the same chain end [9]. So far, however, there have been few quantitative analyses of the state of filler dispersion in compounds of end-functionalised SBR. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has recently been attracting interest as a tool for the structural analysis of fillers in rubber materials, and a number of studies have been reported in which the hierarchical structure of filler aggregates has been analysed quantitatively by SAXS [10-14]. The present study, a structural analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SAXS, was carried out to analyse how the structure of functional groups introduced at the S-SBR polymer chain end affects the state of dispersion of silica or CB in the compound. The results of the analysis and their implications for the correla tion of state of filler dispersion with dynamic viscoelastic measurements are reported below.

nihon gomu kyoukaishi

Analysis of Filler Aggregation in Compounds Using Small-angle X-ray Scattering: Effect of Functional Group Introduced into Polymer-ends of Solution-polymerized SBR