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During a study of bacterial fl ora of acetic acid bacteria in Japan, eight bacterial strains were isolated from various kinds of fl owers by the enrichment culture approach to acetic acid bacteria, and they were allocated to the genus Asaia in the family Acetobacteraceae based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Further, the strains were classifi ed into three DNA groups on the basis of DNA‒DNA relatedness, and they were assigned to novel species in the genus Asaia. Currently, strains of the Asaia species, A. bogorensis (Yamada et al., 2000), A. siamensis (Katsura et al., 2001), A. krungthepensis (Yukphan et al., 2004), and A. lannensis (Malimas et al., 2008; The specifi c epithet lannaensis [sic] has been corrected according to Rule 61. Validation Lists No. 122, 2008) have been isolated from fl owers and fruits in the tropical countries, Indonesia (A. bogorensis and A. siamensis) and Thailand (A. siamensis, A. krungthepensis, and A. lannensis). Therefore, the genus Asaia had been assumed an acetic acid bacterium with specifi c niches in the tropical region. However, Asaia strains were isolated from fl owers collected in Akita, Niigata, Tokyo, and Yamanashi in this study, which are located in the temperate region in Japan. (Details will be reported elsewhere.) Therefore, the genus Asaia is not an acetic acid bacterium of which distribution is limited to tropical countries, and can be regarded as a cosmopolitan bacterium. Further, the genus Asaia has been studied with interests focusing on the pathogenicity to humans. Asaia strains were isolated from a peritoneal dialysis fl uid of a patient with a medical history of end-stage renal disease secondary to diabetes (Snyder et al., 2004), and from blood of a man with a history of intravenous drug abuse (Tuuminen et al., 2006). In addition, Asaia strains were isolated from an Asian malarial mosquito vector, Anopheles stephensi (Favia et al., 2007). According to our study, the fi nding of Asaia cells in adult mosquitoes is logical because Asaia strains are widely distributed in nectar-bearing fl owers. When adult mosquitoes visit fl owers to collect, lay eggs, hatch larvae, and then new offspring come into J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 56, 339‒346 (2010)

Asaia astilbes sp. nov., Asaia platycodi sp. nov., and Asaia prunellae sp. nov., novel acetic acid bacteria isolated from flowers in Japan