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Anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are among the most important microorganisms involved in industrial biocorrosion (7,11). Like other microorganisms, SRB attach to metal surfaces and develop firmly adherent biofilms, in which microcolonies of different bacterial species can grow, immersed in an extensive extracellular matrix (EM) of anionic polysaccharide nature (6, 7). This complex tissue-like structure influences many physiological parameters of microbial colonization, including rate of growth, nutrient concentration and resistance to biocides. The development of an adherent biofilm defines two phases in which SRB can appear: planktonic/swimming and sessile/adherent (7). Direct observations of bacteria growing in natural or industrial environments have shown that these cells are always surrounded by some form of glycocalyx or coat (6,15,16), both in the planktonic and in the sessile phase. As described for the petroleum industry of the North Sea (11), in Brazil, biocorrosion caused by SRB is also a serious problem, affecting marine offshore platforms operated by PETROBRAS. Mixed populations of anaerobic bacteria, rich in SRB, can be obtained from samplers installed in the water injection system of the platforms, at points with a suitable environment for

journal of general and applied microbiology

Morphology of the surface coat and extracellular matrix of sulphidogenic biofilms enriched in sulphate-reducing bacteria involved in biocorrosion processes in the offshore oil extraction industry off Brazil's coast.