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In multi-cellular organisms, cells adhere to each other in an orderly manner and form an established individual. Selectivity of cell contact has been considered to provide informations on the mechanism of development and differentiation. The loss of the contact inhibition (1) in tumor cells induced by changes in their cell surface (2) is one of the major problems to be explored. Sponges and sea urchins have been frequently used in studying the mechanisms of cell adhesion (3-4). Dissociated cells of these organisms reaggregate species-specifically under proper conditions and the architecture of the organisms can be reconstituted. When placed in calciumand magnesiumfree artificial sea water and kept at 5°, however, dissociated cells do not reaggregate. While studying the hemagglutination activities for human red blood cells detected in the culture fluids of some actinomycetes (5), we have noticed that some of these samples strongly aggregate dissociated sponge and sea urchin cells under the conditions in which reaggregation of the cells is inhibited. Embryos of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina, were collected at the blastula stage immediately after their hatching, washed three times with calciumand magnesium-free artificial sea water (CMF-SW), incubated for 1 hr (3 ml of packed embryos/500 ml of CMF-SW), and left to stand. Then single cell suspension was obtained from the upper layer of the incubated mixture. Sponge, Helichondria japonica, was broken to pieces by hand, soaked in CMF-SW for 30 min, squeezed through a 4-layered fine cloth, and centrifuged. The precipitate was suspended in CMF-SW (3 ml of packed volume/ 500 ml of CMF-SW), left to stand, and single cell suspension was prepared

AGGREGATION OF DISSOCIATED SEA URCHIN AND SPONGE CELLS BY CULTURE FLUIDS OF MICROORGANISMS HAVING HEMAGGLUTINATION ACTIVITY