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In a microgravity environment, the volume load on the left ventricle is reduced and the cardiac function deteriorates. Consequently, maximal oxygen consumption (V . O2max) decreases during spaceflight. Reduced cardiac function can lead to serious health problems such as cardiac atrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and orthostatic hypotension. An exercise using a bicycle ergometer during spaceflight may help to increase the volume load on the left ventricle. On the other hand, many astronauts also experience weight loss during spaceflight because energy imbalances can occur. Some researchers indicate that excessive exercise may promote the energy deficit and have a negative impact on long-term spaceflight. Therefore, we have been devising an original bicyle erogometer protocol better suited to astronauts experiencing long-term spaceflight. One of our candidate protocols is the 3 × 3 protocol named J-HIAT, i.e., three times 3-min intervals with a 2-min active recovery period between intervals. In response to our preliminary experiments, we concluded that J-HIAT would be a potential protocol to control the increase of energy consumption and to have a significant impact on V . O2max and the cardiac function. To further verify this method, we are working on full-scale experiments. In future, we will show the results of these experiments.

A Preliminary Exercise Study of Japanese Version of High-intensity Interval Aerobic Training (J-HIAT)