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Most metallurgical smelting processes operate over a limited range of compositions and temperatures but generally, even with complex slag systems, within a given primary phase field. Knowledge of the sensitivity of the liquidus to changes in composition enables improved temperature control and stability of operation. The paper describes a general approach that was used to characterize the liquidus temperatures of the "Cu2O"-"FeO"-SiO2-Al2O3 slags in an electric slag cleaning furnace operation as function of the principal chemical components using a combination of available computer based thermodynamic database descriptions of complex slags and targeted series of laboratory experiments. An approximate mathematical relationship, valid for a limited range of compositions and temperatures, has been developed describing the liquidus temperature of the slags as a function Fe/SiO2 ratio, Cu, and Al2O3 concentrations in slag.

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Characterisation of the Effect of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on the Liquidus Temperatures of Copper Cleaning Furnace Slags Using Experimental and Modelling Approach

Characterisation of the Effect of Al2O3 on the Liquidus Temperatures of Copper Cleaning Furnace Slags Using Experimental and Modelling Approach

Characterisation of the Effect of Al₂O₃ on the Liquidus Temperatures of Copper Cleaning Furnace Slags Using Experimental and Modelling Approach