English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Laser ultrasonics, a technique based on the generation of ultrasonic waves by a pulsed laser and on their detection by a laser interferometer, can be used to determine grain sizes in steels. The absolute values of the average grain size can be calculated directly from the attenuation measurements of ultrasonic longitudinal bulk waves. The general methods of attenuation measurements are computed based on the amplitude of longitudinal waves. In fact, the amplitude as only one value is infected by the noise. Besides, the attenuation should be considered as the energy reduction. The method of time domain energy is proposed to compute the attenuation. The results indicate that time domain energy can improve the accuracy of the grain size prediction. The laser ultrasonic technique may be incorporated online for direct measurements of grain size during steel production. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2014445]

Grain Size Measurement in Steel by Laser Ultrasonics Based on Time Domain Energy