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Microbial adsorption of soluble indium(III) was successfully achieved at room temperature over the pH range 2.3 to 3.5 using the gram-negative bacterium Shewanella algae. The microbial uptake of indium by the resting cells of S. algae was a fast process: 10-100 ppm indium(III) ions were completely collected into the bacterial cells within 30 min. The pH value and the cell concentration in aqueous indium(III) solutions had a significant effect on the adsorption fraction of soluble indium(III). The adsorption capacity of S. algae cells was determined as 41±2 mg-In/g-dry cells, indicating that the 100 ppm aqueous InCl3 solution was concentrated up to 680-fold by the microbial adsorption. The optimal pH for microbial adsorption was found to be 0.9-1.4 for Sn(IV), pH 2.3-3.5 for In(III), pH 2.9-4.3 for Al(III), respectively. For microbial recovery of indium from waste liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, moreover, S. algae cells were able to collect selectively indium(III) to the bacterial cells, after indium leaching from spent LCD panel with dilute HCl solution under hydrothermal conditions (120°C, 0.198 MPa, 5 min).

Recovery of Indium by Biosorption and Its Application to Recycling of Waste Liquid Crystal Display Panel