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The microstructure of the bronze coin, Headongtongbo, circulated around 1097 and fabricated in the Korai period (10~14th centuries) has been investigated. The coin is 23.4 mm in diameter and 1.7 mm in thickness with weight of 4.75 g. Transmission electron microscope, Xray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and electron dispersive Xray analyses are used to determine the structure of the specimen. The composition of the specimen is Cu6.1 massSn1.4 massPb0.5 massS. aCu, Pb and Cu2S grains are observed using an optical microscope. The Cu2S phase has been observed in a Korai bronze mirror, as reported in the previous paper. The aCu phase shows a recrystallized polygonal structure. In some part of the aCu grains, twins and fine twinlike lines are observed. Cu2S particles are dispersed in aCu grains and the grain boundary. In aCu grains near the surface, grain boundaries and the twin boundary are corroded preferentially. The Cu2S grains retain their original shape and remain in the corroded layer. aCu corrodes from Cu2O to CuO, and then to Cu2CO3(OH)2.

Microstructure and Impurities of Bronze Coin, Headongtongbo, Fabricated in the Korai Period (11th Century)