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Batch dechlorination experiments with a shaken electrolytic solution and soils were carried out to identify iron powders suitable for degradation of chlorinated organic compounds and investigate the effects of operational factors on the reaction rate. Reduced or water atomized iron powders with varying contents of sulfur, manganese, and silicon were used. 50 mL of the electrolytic solution and 5 g of iron powder were added to a 100 mL vial glass bottle for the degradation tests of water, and 40 g of dry sand and iron powder adjusted for the water content in soil were used in the dechlorination tests of soils contaminated by trichloroethylene (TCE). The TCE concentration was measured by the headspace GC/MS analysis method. A correlation was observed between the degradation rates of the electrolytic solution and the results of the soil tests. The degradation rate of TCE in water was enhanced by higher concentrations of sulfur and silicon and lower concentrations of manganese. EPMA analysis of the iron powders with high concentrations of sulfur verified that FeS precipitates in iron powders with lower manganese concentrations, whereas MnS precipitates in powders with higher manganese concentrations. Because degradation of TCE takes place at the local electrode on the surface of the iron powder with FeS forming the cathode, the increase in the dechlorination reaction rate seen under the above-mentioned conditions was attributed to the fact that the electrical conductivity of FeS is higher that of MnS. The dechlorination rates of TCE per unit mass of iron powder were constant and independent of the iron powder content in the soil. On the other hand, the overall degradation rate of TCE increased with the water content in the soil.

Properties of Sulfur-Contained Iron Powder Suitable for Degradation of Chlorinated Organic Compounds