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Land management agencies bave developed considerable interest in the visual impacts of intensive range management. This study was designed to determine tbc impact df range management activities on dispersed recreation&&s and their concept of scenic beauty. We analyzed the ratings by 241 dispersed recreationists of selected range management activities and ecosystems on the Malbeur National Forest in eastern Oregon during the summer of 1978. Features significantly related to dispersed recreationists’ reactions to range management activities were primary recreational activity, place of residence, understanding of tbe purpose of a National Forest, and number of prior visits to the Malbeur National Forest. Respondents reacted favorably to the range management activities examined. A majority, however, indicated that their use of recreational areas would be altered if management intensity increased or became more apparent. Managers are becoming more aware of the impact intensive management activities have on scenic beauty and recreational activities. This is primarily a result of the public’s increased sensitivity to the environment and its greater role in the decision making process. At the same time, society is demanding an increase in such tangible resources as wood fiber, forage, and water. Land managers face difficult decisions, and information is needed to resolve potential conflicts. The perceived quality of the environment is a recent concept, and much work is being done to develop methods to objectively analyze scenic beauty. Methods that have been developed to assess scenic beauty are either descriptive inventories or preference evaluations (Craik 1975, Daniel and Boster 1976). For descriptive inventories, an inventory is taken of identifiable landscape components and a quality value, based on the presence or absence of a series of features, is assigned. The scenic elements of a landscape are described either verbally or graphically. There is trend toward development of evaluation methods that better represent the preferences of the public and are more applicable to resource planning. Preference evaluations traditionally use questionnaires to elicit information from the general public, as opposed to descriptive inventories that use professionals (landscape architects, resource managers, etc.). Preference evaluations assume that the ratings refer to both measurable landscape criteria and the personal value placed on it by the respondent. Generally, the relationship is considered to be direct; that is, the higher the rating, the greater the preference, the more scenic the environment. Descriptive inventories are based on professional values and tend to be objective, whereas preference evaluations are based on user values and tend to be subjective. Photographs, slides, artistic renderings, and field visits are used in preference evaluations in conjunction with questionnaires, surveys, and interviews. Shafer et al. (1969), Shafer and Richards (1974), and Daniel and Boster (1976) have substantiated that Authors are range scientist, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Experiment Station, Forestry and Range Sciences Lab., Rt 2, Box 2315, La Grande, Ore. 97850; natural resource specialist, Organization of American States, Washington D.C. 20006, formerly assistant professor, Department of Resource Recreation Management, School of Forestry, Oregon State Umversity, Cowallis; and economic consultant/rancher, Bridgeport, On. 97819, formerly associate professor, Department of Resource Recreation Management, School of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis. This research was financed by the Oregon Range Evaluation Project, USDA Forest Service, and coordinated by the Pacific Northwest Experiment Station. Manuscript accepted 22 April 1986. 464 respondents react essentially the same to a scene and a photograph of a scene if the photograph displays most of the variations in the actual scene. There is considerable evidence, however, to indicate that substantial bias can be introduced by both photographic technique and final selection of photos (Daniel and Boster 1976), as well as by question formulation and interview technique. Much of the past research has developed and validated methods to evaluate scenic beauty (Meganck and Gibbs 1979). The visual impacts of range management were only recently described by Brown and Kissel(l979). But, no one has used these methods to identify public attitudes or their perception of scenic beauty toward range management activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of range management activities on dispersed recreationists and their concept of scenic beauty. Dispersed recreationists are defined as recreationists who are using unimproved campsites that are scattered-dispersed-over the National Forest. This study was part of the Oregon Range Evaluation Project.

Range Management and Scenic Beauty as Perceived by Dispersed Recreationists