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A real-time system for recording grazing behavior in the field is described. A NEC 8201a portable computer wes programmed to aiiow the incidence, duration, and sequence of behaviors to be recorded. This system was used in the field to record bites, chews, steps, and swaiiows of grazing cattie. Data files were analyzed to determine biting, stepping, and swallowing rates as weii as bites per feeding station. Durations of ail activities ten be summarized. This system permits the observer to record accurately feeding behavior and reduce &niflcantiy the time and cost of processing data. Ingestive behavior has recently received attention because of a growing appreciation of the complexities of the relationship between the animal and its food supply (Hodgson 1985). Simple measures of the sward or characterizations of forage-on-offer explain only part of the link between plant and animal production. Additional behavioral information is needed to link the animal and its food supply. This approach requires the detailed and accurate recording of behavior. Observers, limited by recording techniques, frequently tally behaviors over a prescribed period (Hodgson 1982) or record activity by scan samples (Altmann 1974). These data lose the sequence of behavior and suffer from the problems of frequency measures (discussed by Altmann 1974). Furthermore, because more than one behavior (e.g., bites or steps) can rarely be recorded simultaneously by one observer, these data cannot be used to examine accurately the relationship between behavioral measures. If observers attempt to record sequential data by hand, they generate long data sheets that require extensive data entry. We report on an ecoding system to record behaviors rapidly from observation in a form that can be directly transferred to a minicomputer.

The Use of a Portable Computer for Real-Time Recording of Observations of Grazing Behavior in the Field