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Total C, water-soluble C, and 3 soil enzymes associated with Ah horizons under ungrazed mixed prairie and fescue grassland ranges were assessed over a 23-month period. Generally, total C was higher in samples from heavily grazed sites than in those from ungrazed sites and was higher over the winter months than during the summer. Water-soluble C was generally higher in soil from mixed prairie than in soil from fescue grassland except for short periods during the winter. Enzymatic activities are highest in samples from the fescue grassland site regardless of grazing intensity. Enzymatic activities of both sites increased during the winter months. Grazing intensity affected enzymatic activities differently at the 2 sites. A working hypothesis is proposed to account for organic matter breakdown during the winter and spring months. Many soil biological processes are related to the decomposition of organic residues which in prairie soils come predominantly from plant roots. This decomposition varies with seasons. In a 3-year study of blue grama (Boutelouagracilis), over 50% of the root mass disappeared between October and May each year (Dormaar et al. 1981). Although only fragmentary information is available on year-round enzymatic soil activities, Khaziyev (1977) has shown that the annual pattern for CO2 liberation reached a maximum when the soil was frozen and that the potential for enzymatic activity increased in winter and early spring but decreased in the summer. Since water-soluble C is a measure of soluble, low molecular weight organic compounds, they can act as substrates for biological processes (Ivarson and Sowden 1970). Seasonal changes in soil enzymatic activity (Kiss et al. 1975, Khaziyev 1977), and changes in the amount and condition of the substrate upon which they act, may thus be related to any seasonal changes in rates of biological processes in the soil. Generally enzymes accumulated in soil have biological significance as they participate in the cycling of elements and thus play a very important role in the initial phases of the decomposition of organic residues (Kiss et al. 1975). Specifically, dehydrogenase activity in soils provides correlative information on the biological activity and microbial populations; phosphatase activity is thought to be directly related to the level of organic phosphorus in the soil; urease activity generally correlates with organic matter content due to its existence as a complex with organic constituents (Skujins 1973, 1976). The purpose of this study was to assess over a 2-year period several characteristics that could be related to soil organic matter breakdown in ungrazed and heavily grazed mixed prair

Seasonal Changes in Carbon Content, and Dehydrogenase, Phosphatase, and Urease Activities in Mixed Prairie and Fescue Grassland Ah Horizons