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Chemical quality of surface runoff water from rangeland sites with tie-textured soils in southeastern Montana was good to excellent with average total dissolved solids GO0 mp/liter. This quality is better than that of most municipal water supplies in the same geographic ama. Erosion from these sites was also low, averaging <l,SOO kg/ha per year. Surface runoff stored in small ponds is the main water supply for range livestock in the northern Great Plains because most streams are ephemeral and suitable groundwater is too deep for economical well drilling. Most previous investigations have studied quantity rather than quality of stock water supplies, but Soiseth (1975) reported that runoff and reservoir water quality in southeastern Montana was good to fair, and that the chemical quality of water stored in ponds could deteriorate to poor during the grazing season as water levels decrease by evaporation. Author is research hydraulic engineer. U.S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv.. P.O. Box I109 Sidney, Montana. This report is a contribution from the Western Region, U.S. Dep. Agr.. Agr. Res., Serv., in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Dep. Interior,and the Montana Agr. Exp. Sta., Journal Series No. 1092. 130 The objective of the study reported here was to assess the chemical quality and sediment content of runoff water from finetextured rangeland soil in southeastern Montana. Site Description and Methods This study was conducted about 29 km south of Ekalaka in southeastern Montana. The climate is arid to semiarid continental, with cold, dry wintersand warm summers. Averageannual precipitation is about 309mm. Runoff samples were collected from 10, O.&ha watershedseight on claypan range site where the average slope is 1 to 5% and two on a saline-upland range site where the average slope is 3%. Soils of the claypan range site are in the Bickerdyke and Bascovy series, which are members of the very fine and fine, respectively, montmorillonitic, Borollic Vertic Camborthids. The soils of the saline-upland range site are in the Dilts series, a member of the family of clayey, montmorillonitic, acid, frigid, shallow Ustic Torriorthents. Vegetation on the claypan site included thickspike wheatgrass (Agropyron dasystachyum), western wheatgmss (A. smithii). Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), junegrass (Koeleria cristata), big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), and pricklypear cactus (Opuntia polycantha). Blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides), and clubmoss (Selaginella densa) dominated small residual pedestals of coarse-textured material. On the saline-upland range site, alkali sacaton (SporoboJOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT 35(l). January 1992 Table 1. Runoff water quality. Elec. conductivity, mmhos/cm Manganese, mg/ liter Iron, mg/liter Calcium, mg/liter Magnesium, mg/ liter Sodium, mg/ liter Total dissolved solids, mg/ liter Sediment, mg/liter Saline-upland range site Claypan range site Unfurrowed Furrowed Unfurrowed Furrowed Max. Min. Avg. Max. Min. Avg. Max. Min. Avg. Max. Min. Avg. 0.58 0. IO 0.23 0.83 0.30 0.42 0.35 0 0.06 0.13 0 0.06 0.07 0 0.02 0.02 0 0.01 0.07 0 0.01 NR2 NR NR 17.30 0 3.00 0.05 0 0.02 9.16 0.39 1.80 NR NR NR 0.59 0.01 0.22 * ’ * 1.52 0.15 0 0.04 0.10 0.05 0.08 0.47 0.01 0.11 * * 0.49 0.04 0 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.03 7.50 1.10 3.30 * * 13.40 1.52 0.45 0.88 I .76 0.78 1.30 390 0 100 600 160 250 200 0 IO 20 0 7 3615 315 1650 3835 71

Chemical Quality and Sediment Content of Runoff Water from Southeastern Montana Rangeland