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Research was conducted in a greenhouse at Bozeman, Montana, and on coal mine spoils at Colstrip, Montana, in 1975 to determine production characteristics of four species when nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was applied at a low rate and when not applied. Aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, and the root to shoot ratio of fairway crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), critana thickspike wheatgrass (Agropyron ahystachyum), and fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) were increased by fertilizer application. Root depths of crested and thickspike wheatgrass were increased by fertilizer application. Ranger alfalfa (Medicago sativa) responded differently to fertilizer application in the greenhouse and field experiments. Crested wheatgrass had a higher root to shoot ratio than the other three species when fertilizer was not applied. This may explain why this species has been successful in the Northern Great Plains. During the research the author was graduate assistant, Department of Animal and Range Sciences. Montana State University, Bozeman. He is currentlyassistant professor of range ecology, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003. This article is published as Journal Series No. 869, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Bozeman, Montana. The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer has had variable effects on plant establishment and productivity in rangeland revegetation studies. Most research has shown that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer did not increase seedling emergence or survival (Hull 1963, Cook 1965, Bryan and Murphy 1968, Farmer et al. 1974, Holechek 1979). Generally, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application has increased the vigor of cool-season grasses (Black 1968, Wight and Black 1972, Mason and Miltimore 1972, Ryerson et al. 1974). Close correlations have been made between the increased yield of cool-season grasses resulting from nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization and increased depth and quantity of roots in the Northern Great Plains (Van Dyne 196, Black 1968, Mason and Miltimore 1972). Increasing these root parameters allows better soil moisture extraction. Nitrogen fertilization generally does not benefit legumes because nitrogen fixing bacteria are associated with these plants (Brady 1974). However, phosphorus application has, in most cases, increased legume production (Brouse and Burzlaff 1968, Martin et al. 1965, Brady 1974). Generally, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer has increased shrub production (Gibbens and Pieper 1962, Bayoumi and Smith 1966, Anderson et al. 1974, George and Powell 1977, Barrett 1979). The research was funded by the U.S. Forest Service Surface Environment and Mining(SEAM) Programand was part of Cooperative Agreement No. 16,(USC581; 58 la-58 Ii). The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application on root to shoot JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT 35(l). January 19tX 39 ratios and root depths of four species planted in a greenhouse at Bozeman, Montana, and on strip mine spoils at Colstrip, Montana. The four species used in the investigation included critana thickspike wheatgrass (Agropyron dusysfachyum), fairway crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), ranger alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens).

Fertilizer Effects on above- and Belowground Biomass of Four Species