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Deer and cattle grazing in spring preferred bluebunch wheatgrass plants that had been defoliated the previous fall to those that had not. Deer selected burned plants in greater proportion than grazed plants. Fall grazing by cattle affected the distribution of deer. Deer displayed preference for the fall grazed field after green growth exceeded the height of stubble. The increasing costs of cultural energy and the loss of arable land to urban development will put greater pressure on rangeland to meet future demands for food. The response of rangeland managers can be to increase the efficiency of converting forage into products for human consumption. Studies have shown that utilization of spring forage can be increased by removing litter prior to grazing (Willms et al. 1979) thus shifting the optimum grazing pressure to a higher level. Observations were made on tame deer and cattle in small enclosures. They demonstrated increasing preference for forage from the control, to the clip, to the burn treatment. In order to examine the treatment effects on free-ranging animals, three studies were made. The objectives were: to determine the effects of fall grazing or burning on selection of bluebunch wheatgrass by free-ranging deer or cattle in spring and to determine the influence of fall grazing on the distribution of deer in spring.

The Effects of Fall Defoliation on the Utilization of Bluebunch Wheatgrass and Its Influence on the Distribution of Deer in Spring