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Aqueous sprays of picloram at the rate of 0.56 kg/ha (94 l/ha total volume) were applied to 5 plots each in May 1973 and August 1976 to control falsemesquite (Culliandru eriophylla) in southern Arizona. Falsemesquite was effectively controlled on both spraying dates. The greatest vegetation change on sprayed and unsprayed plots alike was the overwhelming natural increase in density and yield of Lehmann lovegrass, an introduced species. Perennial forbs were almost completely eliminated and densities of native perennial grasses were greatly reduced both on treated and untreated plots. This report presents the results of a 5-year study (19721977) to determine the responses of perennial grasses following control of falsemesquite (Calliundru eriophylla) with aqueous sprays of picloram. Since falsemesquite is highly regarded as browse plant, why attempt to control it? Our thinking was that, although its leaves are both palatable and Martin is princi al range scientist, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forestry crences Laboratory at Tempe, in cooperation with Arizona State 6 University, Station’s central headquarters is maintained at Fort Collins, in cooperation with Colorado State University. Morton is research leader, Rangelands Weed and Brush Control, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, Tucson, 85719. Manuscript received November 8, 1978. 104 nutritious, the value of falsemesquite as emergency forage is relatively low because the leaves drop off in winter and during severe drought. Also, since perennial grass stands often are sparse and of low vigor where falsemesquite is abundant, we suspected that falsemesquite might compete seriously with perennial grasses. The study was conducted on the Santa Rita Experimental Range, 50 km south of Tucson, Arizona, at 1,160 m elevation, where average annual precipitation is about 380 mm. Sixty percent of the year’s moisture falls between June and September. The study area slopes gently downward to the northwest but is otherwise almost flat. Soil is White House gravelly sandy loam stony phase (Youngs et al. 1936). Youngs indicated that erosion was not serious on this soil because of protection by surface rocks and good grass cover. Data collected near the study site from 1968 to 1974 show that perennial grass herbage production was only 14 kg/ha, less than half as much as on another site having comparable rainfall but less falsemesquite and a different soil (Martin and Ward 1976). The study layout consisted of fifteen 30-m square plots in five 3-plot blocks. Aqueous sprays of picloram at the rate of 0.56 kg/ha acid equivalent in 94 l/ha total volume were JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT 33(2), March 1980 Table 1. Yearly and long-time average seasonal precipitation (mm) at 1977. Thus, the study period included seasons of high, low, White House rain gauge, 1 km east of the study site. and average precipitation.

Responses of Falsemesquite, Native Grasses and Forbs, and Lehmann Lovegrass after Spraying with Picloram