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Research was conducted on native range and revegetated strip mine spoils near Colstrip, Montana, in August of 1975 to determine the weight and distribution of root biomass at five locations. Study sites included native range in excellent, good, and poor condition; a naturally revegetated 40-year-old leveled, ungrazed strip mine spoils; and a 5-year seeded and fertilized mine spoils. Total root biomass was highest on the 5-year-old seeded and fertilized mine spoils. Good condition native range had a higher root biomass than excellent or poor condition native range. The root biomass of the 40-year-old mine spoil did not differ from excellent condition native range. Root biomass distribution in the four zones studied did not differ between sites. Over 55% of the root biomass was in the upper 15 cm of the soil profile at all five locations. Plant roots in the range ecosystem play a vital role in supporting the plant, providing the plant with water and nutrient, and in stabilizing the soil. A knowledge of the impact of herbivores on this component of the ecosystem is useful in understandingand managing range ecosystems. Presently research quantifying belowground biomass on revegetated strip mine spoils in the Northern Great Plains is limited to one study reported by Wyatt et al. (1980). In this study it was found that old mine spoils had substantially more roots below 100 cm than new spoils or undisturbed soils. This was attributed to the fact more tap rooted species occurred on the old spoils. Quantitative measurements of roots on the various grassland types have been reported by Weaver and Zink (1946), Weaver (1958), and Bartos and Sims (1974) for the shortgrass prairie; Bray (1963), Lorenz and Rogler (1967), and Wyatt et al. (1980) for the northern mixed prairie; and Dahlman and Kucera (1965) for the tallgrass prairie. In Colorado shortgrass prairie (Bartos and Sims 1974) and North Dakota mixed prairie (Lorenz and Rogler 1967) studies no significant differences were found in root biomass disiribution between heavily and moderately grazed pastures. Pearson (1965) and Smoliaket al. (1972)found root biomassdecreased with increased grazing pressure. Other studies have shown that herbage

Root Biomass on Native Range and Mine Spoils in Southeastern Montana