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Seeding of steep slopes (37 to 6lg)after burning on the Edwards Plateau in central Texas reduced soil losses 78 to 93%. Moreover, the major impact of burning on soil losses was significantly reduced in 3 months on burned and seeded watersheds, but not for 15 to 18 months on unseeded watersheds. Stability (soil losses comparable to pretreatment levels) was reached in 6 months on burned and seeded watersheds. Soil loss rates stabilized when cover (live vegetation plus litter) reached 64 to 72% during normal to wet years or 53 to 60% during dry years. Thus, amount of precipitation and cover are closely tied to soil losses. Overland flow stabilized in 4 to 5 years on unseeded watershed and in 1 to 2 years on seeded watersheds. Water quality, lowered slightly by burning, returned to preburn levels within 2 years after seeding. Without seeding it took 4 years to reach preburn levels. Overall, water quality change following burning was not considered to be serious. Ashe juniper (Juniperusashei) has invaded extensive areas of the mixed prairie in central Texas and reduced grazing capacities from I animal unit/6 ha to 1 animal unit/20 ha. A recommended range management practice is to remove the tall green junipers by knocking the trees down individually with a tractor (dozing) or dragging an anchor chain over them that is attached between two tractors (chaining). This allows the native grasses to recover, but it leaves piles of debris over 22% of the land area (devoid of grass), enhances germination of Ashe juniper seed, and does not kill the young trees (Wink and Wright 1973). Prescribed burning removes the piles of debris, kills the young Ashe juniper trees, and creates an unfavorable environment forthe establishment of Ashe juniper seedlings (Wright 1978), but before recommendation to use by ranchers, we needed to know whether soil losses following burning were significant. In 197 1 we initiated a study to determine how long it would take for runoff, soil loss, vegetative cover (live vegetation plus litter), and water quality to return to preburn status on level (0 to 4%), moderate (8 to 20%), and steep (37 to 6 1%) slopes. The study revealed that soil losses and changes in water quality were not serious on level and moderate slopes (Wright et al. 1976). However, adverse effects lasted for 15 to 30 or more months on steep slopes. Soil losses are influenced by intensity of storms (Orr 1970), size and frequency of bare areas (Packer 1951), and soil, topography, and plant cover (Smith and Wischmeier 1962). Among these factors vegetative cover and slope are the most important (Meeuwig The authors are Chairperson and Horn professor, Department of Range and Wildlife Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock; and professors, Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas. This research was supported in part by the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, through the Eisenhower Consortium for Western Environmental Forestry Research, and is published as Eisenhower Consortium Journal Series No. 36, and as Texas Tech University, College of Agricultural Sciences Publication No. T-9-212. The authors would like to thank S.C. Bunting, D.M. Engle, M. Baker, E. Miller, and T. Fulbright for their many hours of work on various phases of this study. We also wish to thank Mr. Bob Beckham, on whose ranch this study was conducted, and personnel of the Abilene Water Treatment Plant, who provided facilities todo the soil

Soil Loss, Runoff, and Water Quality of Seeded and Unseeded Steep Watersheds following Prescribed Burning