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SiyiRunt differences in plant resistance to larvae of the bluegrass billbug, .Sphenophorus ptwwdus Gyllenhal (Coleopten: Curculionidae), were found among and within range gnss species and interspecific hybridsinnurseriesnt the Decker,Mont.,surface mine and on a site near Miles City, Mont. Slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycazdus) and related species were particularly susceptible. Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum and A. desertorum), thickspike wheatgrass (E. lonceotatus), Russian rildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea), and salinn wildrye (Leymus saIimw) were among the species with P relatively high degree of resistance to the insect. Clonnl lines of the Et. repens X Et. spicata hybrid differed signiticnntly in resistance. Over 50% of the total phenotypic variation among the hybrid lines was attributed to genetic effects, indicating that selection for resistance would be effective. Billbugs, Sphenophorus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are seriouspestsonmanypasturegrasses(Satterthwait 1931). Boththe bluegrass billbug (S. porvulus Gyllenhal) and the hunting billbug (S. venlrtusvesritur Chittenden) begin their development inside the stems of grass plants. After hatching, the early instars feed internally and later the older larvae move to the roots where pupation occurs(Tashiro and Personius 1970, Kamm 1969). Although feeding by adults causes damage, the last instars arc the most destructive stage and the cumulative injury to the plant becomes most evident in late summer. Chemicals have been proposed and tested for controlling billbugsinlawnsand ingrassseedproductionfields(KammandEvery 1969, Brusselland Clark 1968, Tashiroand Personius 1970). However, resistance by the billbugs to cyclodiene insecticides was reported in Ohio (Niemczyk and Frost 1978) and the cost of application is prohibitive on western rangeland. An alternative strategy is to develop cultivars of grasses that are resistant to billbug feeding injury. Resistance tu the bluegrass billbug has been observed in Kentucky bluegrass (Pea pmrensis) (Kindler and Kinbacher 1975). Documentation of genetic factors conditioning resistance to this potentially damaging insect pest would be a major contribution to the development of improved grass cultivars for revegetating disturbed and depleted rangeland.

Genetic Differences in Resistance of Range Grasses to the Bluegrass Billbug, Sphenophorus parvulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)