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The study showed that fall was the best time to seed crested wheatgrass (itgropyron desertmum) in the dry belt of Brltlsh Cohunbla. With fall seedings, if emergence did not take place ln the fall, it did so the following spring; there was very little plant kill over winter. Among the spring seedings, germination took place lf the soil moisture content was adequate, usually above 10%. Soil molsture content was the most important single frctor ln determhthrg establishment of seedlings. Late May and June seedings often germinated and died before seedlings became established. Rains ln June, July, and August were ineffective in promoting emergence but may have been a factor ln assuring establishment of the earlyspring seedlings. By 1981, fall seed&s no longer retained their advantage but the poor performance of the June seedings was still evident. The question of the best time to seed crested wheatgrass has been addressed in a number of locations with varying results. In the northern Great Plains of Saskatchewan (Kilcher 1961), crested wheatgrass established well over a wide range of seeding dates although fail seedings tended to be best. Stands seeded in late spring fared poorly. Fall and spring seedings usually established and survived equally well on the Intermountain Valley region of Montana (Gomm 1974). However, in the Intermountain region of Utah (Frischknecht l951), early fall seedings resulted in higher emergence than those in late fall or spring but because of high mortality on the fall seeded plots, the number of surviving plants was similar for all seeding dates. Superior survival of fall seedings has been observed on big sagebrush-cheatgrass range in southern Idaho (Klomp and Hull 1972), the pinyon-juniper type in Arizona (Lavin et al. 1973), and in ponderosa pine forest in Montana (Gomm 1970). In some cases spring seeding of crested wheatgrass may prove most reliable. At one trial in central Montana (Gomm 1974) there’ was no advantage to either spring or fall seedings; yet in another Authors are range ecologist and technician, Agriculture Canada Range Research Station, Kamloops, B.C. V2B 8A9. Grateful acknowledgement is made to L.O. Haupt and B.M. Brooke for their valuable assistance. Manuscript received July 14, 1982. trial at the same location, spring seedings produced superior stands both initially and after 7 years. In the central Great Plains of Colorado, McGinnies (196Oa) seeded crested wheatgrass from April to November for 5 years. There was great yearly variation and April was the only seeding month to produce satisfactory stands for each seeding year. Fall seedings were successful providing the seeds did not germinate until spring. McGinnies (1973) later examined spring seeding dates in greater detail and again found great year to year variation. Mid-April seedings proved most reliable for establishment but May seedings also usually performed well. Success in establishing stands on grassland range seedings in southern British Columbia has been very erratic. The climate of the grasslands is dry and precipitation patterns are irregular. Timing of range seeding, therefore, is crucial to success. It is important to determine the limiting climatic factor in seedling establishment and the conditions under which successful stands can be obtained. The study reported here discusses the success of seed germination and establishment of seedlings of crested wheatgrass relative to weather factors operating in southern British Columbia.

Effect of Time of Seeding on Emergence and Long-Term Survival of Crested Wheatgrass in British Columbia