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Prescribed burning was conducted in the fall and spring to evaluate the effects of fire on productivity of 3 forage species. Yield measurements were obtained throughout the growing season at biweekly intervals on western wheatgrass, blue grama, and tbreadleaf sedge. Supplementary measurements were made on vegetation cover and soil moisture. Herbage yield depended upon individual species, sampling date, and treatment. Spring burning of western wheatgrass and blue grama stimulated production by midand late-June, whereas fall burning also stimulated productivity but to a lesser degree. Production of threadleaf sedge was relatively unaffected by spring burning and reduced by fall burning. Fire can be used as a management practice to increase forage yield in the Northern Great Plains, but timing of utilization by livestock must receive careful consideration to assure maximum benefit. Fire has played an important historical role in the development of grassland communities (Daubenmire 1968; Komarek 1964, 1965). Nevertheless, negative attitudes toward burning have frequently limited application of fire as a management tool. Factors such as the threat of fire escaping the boundaries of a prescribed burn, temporary elimination of potentially usable forage, and the destructive effects of wildfires have all contributed to such attitudes. Only limited research has been conducted on the effects of burning on forage species in the Northern Great Plains. Lodge (1960) examined the effects of burning on crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum), while Dix (1960) and Kirsch and Kruse (1972) reported on the effects of wildfire on mixed grass prairies in North Dakota. Prescribed burning has also been conducted in western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii) communities in South Dakota (Gartner et al. 1978) and in the fescue grasslands of Canada (Bailey and Anderson 1978; Anderson and Bailey 1980). In general, these studies demonstrated that fire has management potential although additional research is needed to determine how individual species may respond (Bailey 1978). Our study was designed to evaluate the effects of prescribed burning on important forage species in the mixed grass prairie of eastern Montana. The primary objectives of the study were: (1) to examine post-burn herbage production of 3 species throughout the growing season, (2) to compare the effects of both fall and spring burning and (3) to determine if burning conditions could be simulated by a clipping treatment.

Prescribed Burning in the Northern Great Plains: Yield and Cover Responses of 3 Forage Species in the Mixed Grass Prairie