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Nine years of herbage yield data from nonfertilized and nitrogen (N) fertilized plots of introduced grasses on a foothill, woodland meadow were correlated with monthly precipitation and temperature. Herbage yields from nonfertilized plots were poorly correlated with monthly precipitation or combinations of monthly precipitation. Fifty-five and 71% of the year-to-year variations in yields of N fertilized grass stands were associated with April and April-through-May precipitation, respectively. Yields from N fertilized stands were nearly 2,000 kg/ha larger than yields from nonfertilized stands. Mean monthly temperature were not well correlated with yields. Anticipating herbage production requires an understanding of the relationships between numerous environmental factors and their effects on plant growth. Mathematical models have been developed from research data to evaluate environment-plant responses and to establish relationships. One of the prime objectives of such work has been to develop predictive equations which will reliably forecast forage yields several months in advance. Such forecasts are of great value to livestock grazing operations and range resource management. Precipitation in arid and semiarid areas is the principal environmental factor influencing plant growth. Sneva and Hyder (1962) developed a linear herbage response equation that was dependent on the quantity of crop year precipitation. Annual herbage production could be forecast by April 1. These authors concluded that the effects of several other phenomena affecting plant growth contributed less than 25% of the year-to-year yield variation. Sneva (1977) found that 64% of the variation in mature yields of unfertilized crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) was associated with July through June precipitation and the mean March through May temperature. Slightly higher correlations were obtained using yields of nitrogen (N) fertilized crested wheatgrass. Blaisdell (1965) from work on the arid Upper Snake River Plains of Idaho developed a regression equation that predicted herbage yields of grasses, forbs, and shrubs based on the precipitation during the 9 months preceding the growing season. Mean monthly temperatures and yield were negatively correlated. Predictions of forage production suggested by the above authors can be made early enough to provide an opportunity to adjust livestock numbers to expected forage production prior to the start of the grazing season. Murphy (1970) working in humid northern California with a wet winter-dry summer precipitation cycle found November precipitation to be a fair indicator of subsequent

Precipitation, Temperature, and Herbage Relationships for a Pine Woodland Site in Northeastern Oregon