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Forested foothills of the Wallowa Mountains in northeastern Oregon provide spring and early summer range for deer and elk. Deer and elk use varied both between plant communities and seasonally within plant communities. Plant species composition of big game diets also varied with season. Bunchgrass and logged communities collectively occupying 57% of the land area studied, provided 90% of the big game diet during spring and early summer. Grasses made up 52% of the diet, forbs 38%, and browse 10%. Timothy and western goatsbeard were the two most important species consumed by big game. Pellet groups did not reliably estimate the value of various communities to deer and elk for forage use. follows: ponderosa pine-bluebunch wheatgrass with ponderosa pine-wheatgrass; ponderosa pine-snowberry with ponderosa pineDouglas fir-snowberry-oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor); Douglas fir-snowberry and Douglas fir-ninebark with ponderosa pine-Douglas fir-ninebark; grand fir-pachistima with white firtwinflower-forb (Abies concolor-Linnaea borealis); and Sandberg bluegrass-Kellogg onion with bluegrass scabland. Although both Douglas fir habitat types fall within Hall’s ponderosa pineDouglas fir-ninebark community type, the Douglas fir-snowberry habitat type was located on a west aspect while the more mesic Douglas fir-ninebark habitat type was on a northwest aspect. Forested foothills of the Wallowa Mountains in northeastern Oregon provide habitat for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis nelsonii) during the winter, spring, and early summer. This area also provides an important source of timber, water, fish, recreation, and summer forage for livestock. Through assessing the value of plant communities and the impact of logging practices for deer and elk, land managers can deal more effectively with the competitive relationship between big game and other land uses.

Deer and Elk Use on Foothill Rangelands in Northeastern Oregon