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The use of cattle manure as an alternative to commercial inorganic fertilizer for annual rangelands was investigated, using mixtures of annual range grasses and legumes grown in pots containing a range soil known to be low in nitrogen and phosphorus and marginal in sulfur. Equivalent applications were made of N, P, and S over a wide range of levels (ca lOO-1,200 kg/ha N, 23-276 kg/ha P, and 17-200 kg/ha S equivalents) with the N:P:S ratios of the inorganic fertilizer treatments adjusted to match those of the manure. All levels of both fertilizer types were applied either soil-incorporated or surface-broadcast. Plants were grown in greenhouse and outdoor environments, harvested twice, and separated into grass and legume components. Total yields and grass yields were higher for inorganic fertilizer. Clover yields were higher in the manure treatments, and in the outdoor environment, and increased from the first to the second harvests. Yields generally increased from first to second harvests and were higher in the outdoor environment. Mode of application had little effect on either yield or grass:legume ratio. Where economically feasible and available, the use of manures on rangeland may be justified, especially where enhancement of a legume component of the vegetation is desired. The disposal of feedlot and dairy wastes is an important problem in this era of environmental concern and inflationary economy (Azevedo and Stour 1974; CAST 1975). The use of manure as a rangeland fertilizer may become increasingly attractive to those faced with increasing costs of commercial inorganic fertilizer, as well as to those directly concerned with regulations on the disposal of feedlot and dairy wastes. Plant nutrient content of animal manures, at least of ruminant herbivores, is low compared to most commercially available inorganic fertilizers (Azevedo and Stout 1974; CAST 1975). In addition, elemental ratios and physical properties differ, including those which condition nutrient availability and mineralization rates (decay series) (Powers et al. 1975; Pratt et al. 1973; Pratt et al. 1976). The relatively slow release of at least part of the mineral nutrient composition of manure, its organic matter content, and presumed advantages in maintaining a favorable content of legumes in a mixed grass-legume community result in a comparative advantage for its use in marginal agricultural systems such as rangelands in low to moderate rainfall areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of several introduced species of annual range plants grown in mixtures in a range soil to beef feedlot manure and inorganic fertilizer when equivalent rates and ratios of three major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur) were applied over a wide range of levels. Materials and Methods Soil was collected from a range site at the University of California’s Sierra Foothill Range Field Station, Yuba County, CaliforAuthors are range conservationist, USDA Soil Conservation Service, Bishop, California 935 14, and professor, Department of Agronomy and Range Science, Univ. of California, Davis 95616. Manuscript received October 17, 1979. JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT 34(4), July 1981 nia. The series were of the Auburn-Sobrante-Los Posas association (Herbert and Begg 1969), classified as fine-loamy or fine, mixed, thermic families of Molic Haploxeralfs derived from metamorphosed basic igneous and meta-andesite rock. The soil was screened to remove rocks and other particles larger than 1 cm, and 3.5 kg of soil was placed in each of 168 plastic pots (18 cm diam). The treatments compared applications of beef cattle manure vs. inorganic fertilizer. Both were either soil-incorporated or surfacebroadcast. Treatments were arranged factorially for five levels of manure application based on pot soil surface area; These were 5,600, 11,200, 22,400, 33,600, and 67,200 kg/ha (2.5,5, 10, 15, and 30 tons/acre). Nitrogen content of the feedlot manure (Kjeldahl analysis) was found to average 1.77a/,. Phosphorus content was 0.41%, as determined by the ammonium molybdate method of Watanabe and Olsen (1965). Sulfur content was not ascertained by analysis; a value of 0.30% was obtained from Azevedo and Stout (1974). Ammonium nitrate, triple superphosphate, and triple superphosphate with sulfur were applied in mixtures as necessary to match the N, P, and assumed S content and ratios of the manure. The above considerations resulted in the following array of treatment levels:

Responses of Annual Range Grasses and Legumes to Comparable Applications of Manurial and Inorganic Fertilizers