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Several variables were identified that affect rooting of stem cuttings of fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), cuneate saltbush (A. cuneutu), shadscale (A. conferfifoliu), spiny hopsage (Grayiu spinosa) and greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus). Differences in rooting were found among different individuals within the same population. Rooting varied with season of collection and with concentration of hormone application. There was an interaction between the effects of season of collection and concentration of applied hormone. Longer fourwing saltbush cuttings rooted better than shorter ones, and woody basal portions of new leaders rooted better than herbaceous tips. Sex of dioecious saltbush species was generally not an important factor in rooting success. Cuttings from greasewood plants grown in a greenhouse rooted better than field-collected cuttings. Vegetative propagation of desert shrubs is a means of producing a number of genetically identical individuals in species whose sexually produced offspring are normally highly variable. Reduced variability of plant materials can increase experimental precision, and a large number of genetically identical individuals is necessary for varietal testing. Reproduction of desirable parent characteristics such as high seed yield would be valuable in the establishment of seed production nurseries. Vegetative propagation is also a method of producing transplants of species whose seeds do not germinate readily. The propagation of stem cuttings of several saltbush (Atriplex) species and a few species from other salt desert shrub genera have been studied by Nord and Goodin ( 1970)) Wieland et al. ( 197 1 ), Ellern ( 1972), and Wiesner and Johnson ( 1977). Although these studies have provided much useful information, they have also raised further questions that need to be addressed. For example, it was not clear why hormone treatments sometimes enhanced rooting and sometimes did not. Although Nord and Goodin ( 1970) and Ellern ( 1972) observed a general trend for better rooting of saltbush (Atriplex) species in spring than fall, no data were available for summer and winter. Nord and Goodin ( 1970) noted better rooting of green stem tips than ripewood cuttings, but Ellern (1972) failed to find any difference in rooting of soft, green cuttings and young woody stems cuttings. Certain other factors not addressed by the above cited research might also be important to the successful rooting of salt desert shrub stem cuttings. Freeman et al. ( 1976) found that for several dioecious species, including shadscale (Atriplex conjcwijoliu), male plants were more abundant on harsher sites /\I IIIUC‘ ot \tutl~ author\ \cere. re\pectivcly. senior research technlcian. research :i\\l\tant. research technician, and associate professor with the Range Science Department :mtl In\titutc for Land Rehabilitation, Utah State University, Logan 84322. Van Epps is st‘it!oned ;It Snow Field Station, Ephraim. Utah. Current address of Crofts is Energy Fuels Carp . Steamboat Springs. Cola. Kc\carch W;I\ sponsored by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station with a grant from the Coopcrativr State Research Service, U.S. Dep. Agr.. and a research contract with the \\ hllc RI\ cr Shale I’rojcct (Sunoco Energy Development Co., Sohlo Natural Resources C’o ciild l’h~ll~l~~ I’ctroleum Co ). hlunu\crlpt received June IS. I%%. 280 (more saline or xeric) and females were more abundant on the less harsh sites, suggesting that the sexes may differ in their physiological ability to survive stress. It is possible that physiological differences between sexes might also include the ability to produce adventitious roots on stem cuttings. The size of cuttings and the environmental conditions under which the donor plants are grown may also affect rooting. Research was conducted to shed further light on factors affecting adventitious root formation on salt desert shrub stem cuttings. The specific research objectives were to: (1) identify the optimum season to collect stem cuttings of fourwing saltbush (Atriplex cunescens) and cuneate saltbush (A. cuneata); (2) determine whether or not sex of dioecious saltbush species is important to rooting of cuttings; (3) study the response of shadscale, fourwing saltbush, and spiny hopsage (Grayia spinosa) to various concentrations of exogenously applied indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); (4) determine whether there is an interaction of season of collection with concentration of applied hormone on rooting response of fourwing saltbush; (5) determine how size of stem cuttings and portion of stem used for cuttings affected rooting of fourwing saltbush; and (6) compare rooting of greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) cuttings collected from field-grown and greenhouse-grown plants.

Factors Affecting Root of Stem Cuttings of Salt Desert Shrubs