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During a 30-day grazing trial, six mule deer (Odocoifeus hemionus hemionus) at pasture altered their food selection significantly as availability of forage changed. At the beginning of the trial when forbs and grasses were abundant, they comprised better than 50% of the diet; but by the end of the trial when these preferred forages were less abundant, grass and forb declined. Shrub use increased and forb and grass use decreased as snow depths increased. Results support the conjecture that big sagebrush (Artemisiu tridentutu wyomingensis) in excess of 30% in the diet is detrimental to mule deer nutritional health. Empirical experience with domestic livestock (Cook and Harris 1968; Galt et al. 1969) and some research results suggest that availability of a variety of forages improves herbivore nutrition. Several published accounts offer field observations in support of this contention with respect to the welfare of deer (Leach 1956; Trout and Thiessen 1968; Wallmo and Regelin in press). As a result of feeding experiments, some researchers suggest that deer fare better when native forages are fed in combination or with cultivated hay, than when fed alone (Dietz and Yeager 1959; Gill 1972; Ullrey et al. 197 l), but there is no other experimental evidence to support the hypothesis. The present paper presents information on forage availability and forage selection by deer in a small pasture on big sagebrush (A/.tenlisiu triderltuta wyomingerzsis) winter range in north central Colorado

Forage Diversity and Dietary Selection by Wintering Mule Deer