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Previous studies have shown that pine sawdust levels up to 10% of the total ration presented no visible toxicity symptoms with calves fed a growing ration during a 90-day period (Kamstra and Minyard, 1970). Also, no detrimental effects on either feedlot performance or carcasses were shown with cattle fed high energy rations for 115 days when sawdust was used to replace half the alfalfa roughage in a 90% concentrate ration. (Slyter and Kamstra, 197 1 b). Sawdust has been suggested as a possible roughage in wintering rations for breeding stock in the range areas when other roughage materials are in short supply. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether any toxicity might result from incorporating sawdust in wintering rations for pregnant heifers. Special emphasis was given to the possibility of embryonic abortion, since pine needles have been suggested as a causitive factor by Canadian researchers as early as 1927 (Bruce, 1927).

Pine Sawdust as a Roughage Replacement in Gestating Beef Heifer Rations