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Recent taxonomic studies on the Lejeuneaceae subfamily Ptychanthoideae indicate that there are 59 species in 21 genera in Latin America. The ptychanthoid flora is very different from that of the Old World and has much fewer species but is slightly richer in endemic genera. About one third of the species are widespread neotropical elements, eleven species are transoceanic- wide tropical, and the remaining species have more restricted distributions and belong to the endemic, Caribbean, Amazonian or Andean element. Data on sex distribution in the species indicate that bisexuality in Ptychanthoideae is much more common than previously assumed. The biogeography of the transoceanic species is briefly discussed. The Lejeuneaceae subfamily Ptychanthoideae in- clude about 170 species in 25 genera world-wide (Gradstein 1985a). They are primarily recognised by the seta, which is made up of 20 or more tiers of cells (usually 16 outer and 4 inner). In addition, Ptychanthoideae have a number of characteristics which are less constant or exclusive than the seta

The Ptychanthoideae of Latin America: An Overview (Studies on Lejeuneaceae Subfamily Ptychanthoideae XVI)