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Using data on womens employment in the US the authors examined the argument that predominantly "female" occupations attract women because they are relatively easy to combine with family responsibilities. Some traditionally female occupations offer relatively low penalties for labor force withdrawal but others reduce the costs of employment to mothers by facilitating the combination of worker and mother roles. The authors test the hypothesis that a womans response to the characteristics of her occupation and to other factors depends on her preference for employment vs homemaking over the long run. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth in the US the analysis focuses on the period from the year prior to the 1st birth through the 2 years following the birth as a time of maximum conflict between employment and childrearing. The authors find no effect of occupational sex composition on the likelihood that prospective or recent mothers are employed. Occupational characteristics that raise the cost of labor force withdrawal (high education high wages and job-specific training) tend to decrease the probability of womens withdrawal from work as do nonmonetary occupational characteristics. All women are influenced by the cost of labor force withdrawal but women with low work commitment are also influenced by financial pressures and convenience of the work setting. (authors)

Women's Employment During Pregnancy and After the First Birth: Occupational Characteristics and Work Commitment