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As a first step toward an assessment of the Civil Wars influence this article explores its demographic impact. By looking at the number of Union and Confederate soldiers who died and comparing the results with mortality in other wars one can gauge the magnitude of the Civil War. Having established that a very high proportion of military-age white males fought and died in the Civil War the article considers how the peculiarities of that conflict may have affected the participants wartime experiences. Then preliminary results from an in-depth study of Newburyport Massachusetts during the Civil War are used to sketch the social and economic background of those who fought and died in that conflict. Finally the article examines the impact of the Civil War on the survivors. Given the paucity of research on the influence of the Civil War on the postwar lives of ordinary Americans I offer a preliminary demographic analysis of the federal pension program using aggregate statistics as one indication of the type of studies that might be done. (EXCERPT)

Have Social Historians Lost the Civil War? Some Preliminary Demographic Speculations