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When the one hundred jurors whose names the clerk had pulled from the court's jury box appeared before the judge who was to try Dr. Benjamin Spock and his associates for conspiring to violate the Military Service Act of 1967,1 there were only nine women among them.2 Since the jurors wvere allegedly drawn more or less at random3 from the list of residents over 21, the nine women posed a puzzle: how could such a selection reduce the proportion of women from over 50 per cent in the eligible population4 to 9 per cent in the jury venire? On this ground the defense challenged the array of jurors, and the inquiry into this perplexing sex distribution was undertaken in aid of that challenge.5 By what transpired in the course of that inquiry, there hangs a tale of three-fold significance. First, there was the essential problem of solving the mystery of the vanishing women; the first five sections of this article trace the clues which lead to the solution. The sixth section considers the relevance of the solution to a more general subject that is attracting increasing interest in the courts-proof of an event through statistical inference. In the final section, the beneficial effects of the recent changes in the law governing the selection of federal juries8 are broughit into focus against the background provided by this study of the procedure under the old statute.

Dr. Spock and the Case of the Vanishing Women Jurors