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Crab larvae (Rhithropanopeus harrisiiere exposed to a range of free cupric ion concentrations, [Cu 2+ ], regulated in sea water by a metal chelate buffer system. We found a biphasic relationship between intracellular copper distribution and [Cu 2+ ] in sea water. At [Cu 2+ ] within the ambient range (10 -12.4 o 10 -10.6 M), cytosolic copper was associated with both metallothionein (MT) and high molecular weight (HMW) ligands, and was independent of external [Cu 2+ ]. At higher [Cu 2+ ], copper was also associated with very low molecular weight (VLMW) ligands, and accumulated in this ligand pool and the MT pool as external [Cu 2+ ] increased. In marked contrast, copper in the HMW ligand pool did not correlate with [Cu 2+ ] in sea water over the entire range of exposures. Reductions in larval growth occurred at greater than estimated ambient [Cu 2+ ] and correlated with copper accumulation in the MT and VLMW pools.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FREE CUPRIC ION CONCENTRATIONS IN SEA WATER AND COPPER METABOLISM AND GROWTH IN CRAB LARVAE