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In addressing a society devoted to clinical criminology, it surely will not be amiss to begin my paper with a recent case history, taken from my own practice among delinquents in the courts of Baltimore. It will serve us as a foundation and as an introduction to the subjective theories, as well as to the objective results, that I propose to lay before you. In August, 1919, in Baltimore, a Russian Pole, Frank Kulak, was arrested on the street, on suspicion of having committed a small, insignificant burglary, evidently not the carefully planned work of an expert thief. He was taken to the station house, making no outward show of resistance or of anger. Here, in front of the desk, he was put through the usual series of questions. He answered slowly, but without apparent excitement. Indeed, he was outwardly, at least, noticeably quiet and repressed. His name was entered on the police blotter, he was assigned to a cell, and the turnkey, a kindly old policeman, stepped to his side in order to search his pockets before locking him up. The turnkey and Kulak, whom he was searching, stood in the midst of a small group of other policemen, in front of the lieutenant's desk, inside the station house. In other words, the prisoner was absolutely surrounded; there was no chance of escape, and even the thought of escape must have been exluded from his mind by the overpowering odds against him. The old turnkey began to search the prisoner's pockets; from a vest-pocket he took two cheap watches, which he laid on the desk. Then, as he turned back to the prisoner, Kulak, without any sign of anger or haste-almost mechanically, as it seemed-put his hand into his hip-pocket, drew out a loaded revolver, and shot twice at the turnkey, who stood directly in front of him. The turnkey fell. But the prisoner did not attempt to escape. In thirty seconds the turnkey was dead. Then everyone "went up in the air." The policemen present, recovering from their stupified surprise, fell upon Kulak and "beat him up" most thoroughly. He made no effort to defend himself. Finally, what was left of him was tossed into a cell.

Emotional States and Illegal Acts