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At the International Prison Congress held at Washington last year tlhe foreign delegates, while they seemed favorably impressed by most of our institutions, were outspoken in condemnation of our county jails and our criminal statistics. They could not repress their amazement at the dearth of official statistics regarding crime in the United States. Possibly it may be doubted whether any of the novelties they observed here produced on their minds so lasting and injurious an impression of this country, regarded from the point of view of scientific penology, as that caused by the meagerness and practical inutility of our criminal statistics. It must be freely admitted that the English and some of the continental statistics of crime are far in advance of our own in comprehensiveness, in method, and in scientific value. But the inadequacy of the criminal statistics of the United States is largely owing to a condition which does not exist in England or hardly on the Continent. We are confronted with difficulties that are practically unknown on the other side of the Atlantic; difficulties inherent in the dual system of government existing in this country. In the division of sovereignty between the Federal Government and the States, the treatment of crime falls within the jurisdiction of the States. Congress, it is true, acting within the limits closely defined in the Constitution, has the power to declare certain acts which are injurious to the nation to be crimes. Thus there is a Federal Criminal Code, violations of which are within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federal Courts. But these crimes are only those that bear relation to the central government; they are comparatively few in number. The vast volume of crime in this country comes under the exclusive jurisdiction of the separate States. The establishment of police and constabulary forces, the detection and arrest of offenders, the trial and sentencing of criminals, the administration of prisons, all are included within the functions of the States. The rules and regulations governing the police, the courts, the prisons, all the details of their administration and of their records are thus matters of State jurisdiction. And in

Report of the Committee on Criminal Statistics of the American Prison Association