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Arbutin plays an important role as a tyrosinase inhibitor in melanogenesis and a polyphenol oxidase inhibitor in enzymatic browning reactions. In this study, we utilized GC-MS and HPLC to quantify arbutin in dried ethanol extract of leaves from Artocarpus lacucha and Artocarpus thailandicus, followed by arbutin purification and purity analysis using semipreparative HPLC and 1H-NMR. MTT and comet assays run on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to test the plant extracts for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The plants’ biological activities were determined by colorimetric tyrosinase inhibition assay and polyphenol oxidase inhibition in enzymatic browning reaction on banana peels. Analysis by GC-MS and HPLC in the two species showed that young leaves had an arbutin content of 9.47%, 0.24 mg/g and 13.35%, 0.32 mg/g, respectively, which were higher than those in mature leaves. Neither of the two species showed toxicity to PBMCs at the cellular or DNA level. Furthermore, both species were shown to have significant antioxidant and tyrosinase suppression effects (p < 0.05), and a solution of ground mature A. lacucha leaves containing 10% arbutin significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) brown spot formation in banana. These results provide novel and important scientific insights that could benefit human health and facilitate the post harvesting process of agricultural products. The leaf extracts of A. lacucha and A. thailandicus are promising new candidates that could be added as a whitening agent in cosmetics and a preserving agent for fruit products. The major advantage of these two species is they are recognized as a plentiful and sustainable resource with high quality.

Effect of dried ethanol extract of arbutin-containing leaves from Artocarpus on tyrosinase inhibition and postharvest preservation