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Simple approaches for developing sensitive fluorescence sensors for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) detection were reported. Pyrene-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) (PVC terpolymer) fibres, polystyrene (PS) fibres, and poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) (PS-co-PMMA) fibres were prepared via electrospinning technique. Fibre morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Sensing performance towards DNT was monitored through fluorescence emission of pyrene. The time dependence of quenching was observed for all fibres. Polymer matrix was found to affect DNT sensing, where PS fibres and PS-coPMMA fibres showed slightly higher quenching efficiencies than PMMA-PVC terpolymer fibres. Enhanced quenching efficiency was achieved through introduction of porosity using poly(ethylene glycol)-400 (PEG) as a porogen to PMMAPVC terpolymer fibres. The effect of porosity on sensing performance was further explored in pyrene-doped PS-coPMMA membrane. Porous membrane prepared from a solution with PS-co-PMMA to PEG ratio of 1:1 provided higher sensing performance towards DNT than dense PS-co-PMMA membrane, possibly resulting from the increased surface area.

Sensitive 2,4-dinitrotoluene fluorescence sensors based on porous electrospun fibres and porous membranes