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Buffer zone management in Chitwan National Park is regarded as a successful programme in Nepal. However, buffer zones are typically treated as a homogeneous entity without much regard to the intra-zone dynamics. This research examined the impacts of rhinos along with households’ resource use, dependency, involvement and associated impacts within one buffer zone – Kolhuwa Village Development Committee. Household surveys (N=68) were conducted and sampling was based on the type of settlement and land size. A structured and semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview household heads along with GPS points. The buffer zone was segmented into two zones – Close and Far Settlement based on the distance from the park boundary. Results illustrated that the impacts of rhinos were more pronounced among households that were closer to the boundary, and declined with increasing distance. Households had challenges to produce enough food for at least six months to a year, but noticeably more so in the close settlements. Residents that were closer to the boundary were most dependent on fuelwood and natural resources extraction. While both zones were reliant on income from outside their community, households in the close settlements were more dependent. Conversely, households in the far settlements had been involved for more years and in more activities in the buffer zone. Results are of utility to park management with respect to zoning designations.

Buffer Zone Management Issues in Chitwan National Park, Nepal: A Case Study of Kolhuwa Village Development Committee