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Anti-angiogenic therapy is an anti-cancer strategy that targets the new vessels thatgrow to provide oxygen and nutrients to actively proliferating tumor cells. Most of thecurrent anti-cancer reagents used in the clinical setting indiscriminately target all rapidlydividing cells, resulting in severe adverse effects such as immunosuppression, intestinalproblems and hair loss. In comparison, anti-angiogenic reagents theoretically have fewer sideeffects because, except in the uterine endometrium, neoangiogenesis rarely occurs in healthyadults. Currently, the most established approach for limiting tumor angiogenesis is blockadeof the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. In line with the results ofpreclinical studies, significant therapeutic effects of VEGF blockers have been reported invarious types of human cancers, even in patients with progressive/recurrent cancer who couldnot otherwise be treated. However, some patients are refractory to this treatment or acquireresistance to VEGF inhibitors. Moreover, several studies have shown that VEGF blockade damageshealthy vessels and results in adverse effects such as hemorrhagic and thrombotic events. Inrecent research that indicated possible ways to overcome these problems, severalVEGF-independent and tumor-selective pro-angiogenic mechanisms were discovered that could betargeted in combination with or without conventional VEGF blockade. These findings offeropportunities to greatly improve current anti-angiogenic treatment for cancer.

Tumor Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy