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In the agreement which followed the first war between Constantine and  Licinius and Constantine’s victory on the Campus Ardiensis, Licinius was  forced, as generally accepted, to surrender Illyricum where he was undisputed  ruler until 316. However he was not neutralized politically and reigned  together with Constantine between AD 316 and 324. Some kind of division of  the sphere of interest seems to have existed between them. Constantine, whose  movements in the Balkans are known from the places of editing laws, visited  only the western half, i.e. Illyricum after 316. If we follow the evidence of  the places and dates of the promulgation of Constantine’s laws, we can  consider the line dividing the region controlled by Constantine and that  under Licinius’ command, running from the North to the South and leaving  Constantine the Pannonian provinces, Moesia I, Dacia Ripensis, Dacia  Mediterranea and Dardania, as well as Macedonia, with the legionary camps on  the Danube in Pannonia and Moesia I; the provinces on the East of that line,  Moesia II, Scythia Minor and Thracia belonged to the region in which Licinius  had command. However, there is evidence indicating that the territorial  division of the Balkans between Constantine and Licinius after the battle of  Cibalae was not strictly observed except on the Danube, in the zone where the  military camps were located. In spite of Constantine’s presence in Illyricum,  Licinius’s influence on the high commanders on the Danube never disappeared  nor did his presence in the provinces he lost after the Bellum Cibalense.  Licinius had the jubilee silver plates made for his decennalia in Naissus in  Dacia Mediterranea. The siver plates which have been produced in Naissus, in  the part of the Balkans which was under Constantine’s control, bear the  inscription LICINI AVGVSTE SEMPER VINCAS. The co-operation between  Constantine and Licinius concerned the defense of the frontiers and the  administration in both parts of the Empire, but it was not based on the  subordination of one to another as it was in the time of Diocletian who  created the system tetrarchy

Co-regency: Constantine and Licinivs and the political division of the Balkans