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Natural gas must be preheated prior to pressure reduction in city gate   stations (CGSs). Indirect water bath heaters are employed in CGSs for   preheating, consume a considerable amount of natural gas for the process.   This type of heater has a low efficiency therefore a significant amount of   energy is wasted. Due to the high capacity of thermosyphon heat pipe (THP),   its utilization in CGS heater were investigated experimentally in this   paper. For this purpose, a heater setup was manufactured and its thermal   efficiency was calculated. THPs were then designed, manufactured, and   utilized between the fire tube and the gas tube. Further the type of working   fluid and the range of filling ratio (FR) were discussed and the most   effective state was suggested. Moreover, the thermal efficiency of the   heater in the presence of THPs was investigated. The obtained results showed   that the thermal efficiency of the heater improved up to 13% with the   addition of THPs. The most effective state of THPs was associated with the   water as working fluid with 20% FR in the front route and methanol as   working fluid with 30% FR in the back route of the fire tube.

Experimental investigation of the increasing thermal efficiency of an indirect water bath heater by use of thermosyphon heat pipe