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The objective of this research work is to improve the in-cylinder air flow   for facilitate better mixing and ultimately achieve complete combustion. From   the literature it is revealed that the bowl shape of the piston has influence   on creating effective swirl, tumble, and cross tumble motions during intake   and initial stages of compression stroke. Different types of combustion   chambers have been designed by keeping the same bowl volume to maintain the   constant compression ratio and to ensure that the improvement is only due to   geometric parameters such as bulge diameter, lip distance, and bowl to bore   diameter ratio. Simulation work is carried out using ANSYS Fluent 14.5   computational fluid dynamics tool. The influence of these parameters on   in-cylinder flow was also studied in this paper. The values of swirl, tumble,   and cross tumble were calculated. Further to ensure the results of   theoretical simulation a modified re-entrant combustion chamber was   fabricated and the experimental work has been carried out in Kirloskar TAF 1   single cylinder, 4-stroke, compression ignition engine for diesel and   jatropha methyl ester blend 20%. The experimental results were compared with   the conventional chamber. It is found that the modified re-entrant chamber   improves the brake thermal efficiency and reduced HC, CO, and smoke emissions   of diesel and jatropha methyl ester blend 20% for all the tested conditions   when compared to the conventional chamber

A simulation study of air flow in different types of combustion chambers for a single cylinder diesel engine