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The use of coal is suspected to have high environmental impact. Natural gas   is treated as more environmentally friendly with high methane content and   lower emission factors. In order to calculate the environmental impact in the   whole life cycle associated with combustion of coal and natural gas all   stages from “cradle to grave” should be taken into account. In particular,   the transportation stage, especially in the case of life cycle analysis of   gas, seems to be crucial. The distance of transmission of gas from gas   fields, for instance located in Siberia, could be mainly associated with high   diffuse emission of methane. The comparison of environmental impact   assessment of coal and natural gas utilization for heating purposes is   presented in the paper. The additional factor taken into account is   localisation of boilers. In the analysis the coal is sombusted in combined   heat and power plants equipped with flue gas treatment units is that released   emissions are relatively remote from an urban area. In contrast, the natural   gas is burned in small domestic installations with no additional FGT systems.   The results of the analysis are given in 6 major impact categories. Moreover,   the results of the life cycle analysis were brought into comprehensive   thermo-ecological cost index, which is a cumulated exergy consumption of   non-renewable resources. The results presented in the paper refer to the   contemporary problem of the choice of energy sources in the context of its   overall environmental efficiency

Energy, exergy and environmental quality of hard coal and natural gas in whole life cycle concerning home heating