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Calcium looping (CaL) is promising for large-scale CO2 capture in the power   generation and industrial sectors due to the cheap sorbent used and the   relatively low energy penalties achieved with this process. Because of the   high operating temperatures the heat utilisation is a major advantage of the   process, since a significant amount of power can be generated from it.   However, this increases its complexity and capital costs. Therefore, not only   the energy efficiency performance is important for these cycles, but also the   capital costs must be taken into account, i.e. techno-economic analyses are   required in order to determine which parameters and configurations are   optimal to enhance technology viability in different integration scenarios.   In this study the integration scenarios of CaL cycles and natural gas   combined cycles (NGCC) are explored. The process models of the NGCC and CaL   capture plant are developed to explore the most promising scenarios for   NGCC-CaL integration with regards to efficiency penalties. Two scenarios are   analysed in detail, and show that the system with heat recovery steam   generator (HRSG) before and after the capture plant exhibited better   performance of 49.1% efficiency compared with that of 45.7% when only one   HRSG is located after the capture plant. However, the techno-economic   analyses showed that the more energy efficient case, with two HRSGs, implies   relatively higher cost of electricity (COE), 44.1€/MWh, when compared to that   of the reference plant system (33.1€/MWh). The predicted cost of CO2 avoided   for the case with two HRSGS is 29.3 €/ton CO2

Process modelling and techno-economic analysis of natural gas combined cycle integrated with calcium looping